IN06 - Brzezinski, Zbigniew. FROM HOPE TO AUDACITY: APPRAISING OBAMA'S FOREIGN POLICY (Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb 2010, 8 pages) 희망에서 담대함으로: 오바마 대통령의 외교정책 평가 - Contact IRC for print copy

Barack Obama’s foreign policy has generated more expectations than strategic breakthroughs. Three urgent issues - the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Iran’s nuclear ambitions, and the Afghan-Pakistani challenge - will test his ability to significantly change U.S. policy.
(Zbigniew Brzezinski was U.S. National Security Adviser from 1977 to 1981. His most recent book is Second Chance: Three Presidents and the Crisis of American Superpower.)

IN07 - Niksch, Larry. NORTH KOREA: TERRORISM LIST REMOVAL (CRS Report for Congress, January 6, 2010, 32 pages) 북한: 테러지원국 리스트에서 제외에 관한 미의회조사국 최신 보고서 - Contact IRC for print copy

The Bush Administration increasingly took the position that the issue of North Korea's kidnapping of Japanese citizens was not linked to removing North Korea from the terrorism list, from the standpoint of U.S. law or policy. The Japanese government objected to the removal of North Korea. The State Department continued to declare that North Korea had not committed a terrorist act since 1987. However, reports from French, Japanese, South Korean and Israeli sources described recent North Korean programs to provide arms and training to Hezbollah in Lebanon and the Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka, two groups on the U.S. list of international terrorist organizations. Large quantities of North Korean arms bound for Iran, intercepted in 2009, contained weapons that Iran supplies heavily to Hezbollah and Hamas. Moreover, a large body of reports describe a long-standing, collaborative relationship between North Korea and the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps that has continued throughout 2009.

IN08 - Allison, Graham. NUCLEAR DISORDER (Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb 2010, 7 pages) 핵무기의 혼란 - Contact IRC for print copy

The global nuclear order today could be as fragile as the global financial order was two years ago, when conventional wisdom declared it to be sound, stable, and resilient. In the aftermath of the 1962 Cuban missile crisis, a confrontation that he thought had one chance in three of ending in nuclear war, US Pres John F. Kennedy concluded that the nuclear order of the time posed unacceptable risks to mankind. The current global nuclear order is extremely fragile, and the three most urgent challenges to it are North Korea, Iran, and Pakistan. If North Korea and Iran become established nuclear weapons states over the next several years, the nonproliferation regime will have been hollowed out. Most of the foreign policy community has still not absorbed the facts about North Korean developments over the past eight years. One of the poorest and most isolated states on earth, North Korea had at most two bombs' worth of plutonium in 2001.

IN09 - Medeiros, Evan S. THE NEW SECURITY DRAMA IN EAST ASIA: THE RESPONSES OF U.S. ALLIES AND SECURITY PARTNERS TO CHINA'S RISE (Naval War College Review, Autumn 2009, 17 pages) 동아시아의 새로운 안보 드라마: 미국의 우방과 안보 파트너들의 중국 부상에 대한 대응 - Contact IRC for print copy

In the theater of East Asia, a geopolitical drama is unfolding. The growing presence of China in regional economic and security affairs-generically referred to as the "rise of China"-is changing interstate relations. While the major powers in East Asia are the protagonists, there are no bit players in this drama. Think King Lear, not Macbeth. China's rise is affecting the perceptions, interests, and policies of all nations throughout East Asia. For the United States, the responses of its allies and security partners are uniquely consequential. These countries are the foundation of American presence in the region as well as the edifice of a regional security architecture that has produced decades of relative stability and prosperity.

IN10 - Graffy, Colleen. THE RISE OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY 2.0
(Journal of International Security Affairs, Fall 2009, 8 pages) 공공외교 2.0의 출현 - Click here for available text on the Internet

Colleen Graffy, professor of law, Pepperdine University, and former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy, advises in “The Rise of Public Diplomacy 2.0” that with the global media environment constantly changing, public diplomacy needs to keep up.

IN11 - Albright, David; Shire, Jacqueline. IRAN’S GROWING WEAPONS CAPABILITY AND ITS IMPACT ON NEGOTIATIONS (Arms Control Today, December 2009, 12 pages) 이란의 성장하는 핵무기 능력과 협상에 미치는 영향 - Click here for available text on the Internet

The crisis over Iran’s growing nuclear weapons capabilities is rapidly reaching a critical point. Recent developments do not bode well for the prospect of successful negotiations that can end concerns about Iran’s nuclear program, at least in the short term.

EC05 - Goldsone, Jack A. THE NEW POPULATION BOMB (Foreign affairs, January/February 2010; pg. 31, 13 pages) 새로운 인구폭탄 - Contact IRC for print copy

Forty-two years ago, the biologist Paul Ehrlich warned in The Population Bomb that mass starvation would strike in the 1970s and 1980s, with the world's population growth outpacing the production of food and other critical resources. Thanks to innovations and efforts such as the "green revolution" in farming and the widespread adoption of family planning, Ehrlich's worst fears did not come to pass. In fact, since the 1970s, global economic output has increased and fertility has fallen dramatically, especially in developing countries. The United Nations Population Division now projects that global population growth will nearly halt by 2050. According to the economic historian Angus Maddison, Europe, the US, and Canada together produced about 32% of the world's GDP at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Overall economic growth will also be hampered by a decline in the number of new consumers and new households.

EC06 - Miles, Robert H. ACCELERATING CORPORATE TRANSFORMATIONS (Harvard Business Review, January-February 2010; pg. 68, 8 pages) 기업변화의 가속화 - Contact IRC for print copy

The article focuses on corporate transformations and six mistakes that can slow organizational change. The idea that successful transformations need to be bold and fast is mentioned. The solutions are given for overcoming the barriers to corporate reinvention which relate to business models that have a conservative management strategy, are not flexible enough for a transformation launch process, have an initiative gridlock that prevents innovation, have executives who do not commit to organizational change, have disengaged employees, and lose focus during the company's reinvention.

EC07 - Rust, Roland T.; Moorman, Christine; Bhalla, Gaurav. RETHINKING MARKETING (Harvard Business Review, January-February 2010; pg. 93, 8 pages) 마케팅에 대한 다른 생각 - Contact IRC for print copy

The article discusses the reinvention of marketing departments in order to focus on building long-term customer relationships. The strategy gives customer relationship management a priority over building brands. The reorganization of a marketing department into a 'customer department' which oversees research and development, market research, and customer service is discussed. The organizational transformation leads to customer profitability which can be measured in terms of customer lifetime value and equity. The service oriented Insurance Process Acceleration Framework used by International Business Machines Corp. is mentioned.

EC08 - Hansen, Morten T.; Ibarra, Herminia; Peyer, Urs. THE BEST-PERFORMING CEOS IN THE WORLD (Harvard Business Review, January-February 2010; pg. 104, 8 pages) 세계 최고의 경영자 50인 - Contact IRC for print copy

The article presents this journal's top 50 ranking of the best-performing chief executive officers (CEO) at large public companies over the long term or a three-year horizon. The discussion focuses on the education of the CEOs, the change in market capitalization during their tenure, and industry-adjusted company returns. The list includes Steve Jobs of Apple in the United States, Yun Jong-Yong of Samsung Electronics in Korea, Alexey B. Miller of Gazprom in Russia, John T. Chambers of Cisco Systems in the U.S., and Mukesh D. Ambani of Reliance Industries in India.

EC09 - Bergsten, C. Fred. THE DOLLAR AND THE DEFICITS (Foreign affairs, November/December 2009; pg. 20, 19 pages) 달러와 적자 - Contact IRC for print copy

Even as efforts to recover from the current crisis go forward, the US should launch new policies to avoid large external deficits, balance the budget, and adapt to a global currency system less centered on the dollar. A responsible fiscal policy would permit the Federal Reserve to run a relatively easy monetary policy, which would hold down interest rates and prevent overvaluation of the dollar. If the Obama administration is looking for a historical model, it should aim to replicate the Clinton-Greenspan policy of the late 1990s (a mix of budget surpluses and low interest rates) rather than the Reagan-Volcker policy of the early 1980s (a mix of large deficits and high interest rates). In addition to fiscal consolidation, the US will need to adopt a series of measures to enhance its international competitiveness and thus sustain current account equilibrium. Such efforts should focus on increasing productivity, as well as on energy and environmental policies designed to limit oil imports.

EC10 - Lee, John. WHY AMERICA WILL LEAD THE "ASIAN CENTURY" (The International Economy, Fall 2009; pg. 40, 2 pages) 미국이 아시아를 주도하게 될 이유 - Contact IRC for print copy

The United States was never a hegemon in Asia. Only some American post-Cold War triumphalists thought it was. Despite the fact that America spends more on defense than the next ten powers combined, it has never been a regional hegemon because it actually relies on the cooperation of other states to remain predominant.

EN04 - EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON U.S. ECOSYSTEMS (National Center for Atmospheric Research, November 2009, 28 pages)  기후변화가 미국 생태계에 미치는 영향 - Click here for available text on the Internet

"Climate change poses significant threats and challenges for farmers, ranchers, and those who make a living off the land, which will have a serious impact on our ability to feed the people of the United States and the world," said Vilsack. "President Obama has made climate change one of his top domestic priorities and under his Administration, the United States has done more to reduce greenhouse gas emissions than at any other time in history, both by supporting domestic policies that advance clean energy, climate security, and economic recovery; and by vigorously engaging in international climate negotiations." The report provides an accessible summary of findings contained in a U.S. scientific assessment project commissioned by the USGCRP and released in May 2008. New information has been added to provide additional detail on the original findings.

EN05 - Sawin, Janet L.; Moomaw, William R. Renewable Revolution: Low-Carbon Energy by 2030 (Worldwatch Institute, December 2009, 52 pages) 재생 에너지 혁명: 2030년 저탄소 에너지 전환 - Click here for available text on the Internet

Global energy scenarios offer wide-ranging estimates of how much energy renewable sources can contribute, and how quickly this can happen. Many scenarios show a gradual shift to renewables that still envisions a major role for fossil fuels for most of this century. The current report, however, offers alternative hypothetical scenarios for 2030 that envision a transformation, or step-change, in how the world produces and uses energy that could lead to much more aggressive change.

EN06 - Olmstead, Sheila M; Stavins, Robert N. THREE PILLARS OF POST-2012 INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE POLICY (Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements, October 23, 2009, 7 pages) 2012년 이후의 국제 기후 협약의 중요한 세가지 구성요소 - Click here for available text on the Internet

The authors present a proposal for a post-2012 international global climate policy agreement that contains three essential elements: meaningful involvement by key industrialized and developing nations; an emphasis on an extended time path of targets; and inclusion of market-based policy instruments. According to the authors, this architecture is consistent with fundamental aspects of the science, economics, and politics of global climate change. They believe the architecture is consistent with fundamental aspects of the science, economics, and politics of global climate change. The goal of the Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements is to help identify and advance scientifically sound, economically rational, and politically pragmatic public policy options for addressing global climate change.

US04 - Fallows, James. HOW AMERICA CAN RISE AGAIN (The Atlantic Monthly. Boston: Jan/Feb 2010. Vol. 305, Iss. 1) 미국의 미래: 쇠퇴할 것인가? 부활할 것인가? - Click here for available text on the internet

Is America going to hell? After a year of economic calamity that many fear has sent us into irreversible decline, the author finds reassurance in the peculiarly American cycle of crisis and renewal, and in the continuing strength of the forces that have made the country great: our university system, our receptiveness to immigration, our culture of innovation. In most significant ways, the U.S. remains the envy of the world. But here’s the alarming problem: our governing system is old and broken and dysfunctional. Fixing it-without resorting to a constitutional convention or a coup-is the key to securing the nation’s future.

US05 - THE PRESIDENT’S STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS: TRADITION, FUNCTION, AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS (CRS Report for Congress. December 23, 2009, 16 pages) 미국 대통령 국정연설: 전통, 역할, 정책 시사점에 관한 미의회조사국 보고서 - Contact IRC for print copy

The State of the Union (SOTU) address is a communication between the President and Congress in which the chief executive reports on the current conditions of the United States and provides policy proposals for the upcoming legislative year. Formerly known as the “Annual Message,” the State of the Union address originates in the Constitution. As part of the system of checks and balances, Article II, Section 3, clause 1 mandates that the President “shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.” In recent decades, the President has expanded his State of the Union audience, addressing the speech to both the nation and Members of Congress.

US06 - Wilson, Robin. GLOBE-TROTTING ACADEMICS FIND NEW CAREER PATHS (Chronicle of Higher Education. December 11, 2009, Vol. 56 Issue 16, pA1-A20) 해외로 간 미국 학자들 - Contact IRC for print copy

At a time when American college leaders talk frequently about internationalizing their campuses, only 9 percent of U.S. faculty have ever held a job at a foreign university for at least one year, according to a new survey by the Chronicle. Those American academics who have pursued careers at foreign universities have often done so for reasons other than the tight U.S. job market. In interviews with more than two dozen American academics teaching at universities around the world, Wilson found that some wanted new challenges after long, successful careers in U.S. education; some wanted to pursue research centered in the country in which they teach; some welcome the opportunity to play leadership roles in institutions that are just getting started; some are attracted by the chance to do things that they could not do in the United States until much later in their careers; and some are “adventure junkies.” Many foreign universities are trying to attract American academics by offering big salaries and substantial perks. The Chronicle survey revealed one reason there aren’t more American academics taking jobs internationally: most American academics would be most tempted by a job in Europe, while the regions in which institutions are trying hardest to recruit U.S. faculty are located in the Middle East and East Asia, the regions least tempting to the participants in the survey.

US07 - Henderson, Everett.  SERVICE TRENDS IN U.S. PUBLIC LIBRARIES, 1997~2007 (Institute of Museum and Library Services. December 2009, 6pages) 미국 공립 도서관의 서비스 트렌드 1997~2007- Click here for available text on the internet

Libraries are operating in a fluid service environment in which people increasingly turn to the Internet to address everyday concerns. They also face competition from large booksellers that offer potential library patrons access to a virtually unlimited selection of books. These developments have understandably provoked questions and concerns about the future of libraries. Given this state of affairs, it is important to look beyond conjecture and assess the state of U.S. public libraries using actual visitation and circulation figures.

AR05 - Wagner, Anne M.  DISARMING TIME (Artforum, New York: January 2010, Vol. 48, No. 5) 앤 트루잇의 예술 세계 - Contact IRC for print copy

The work of Anne Truitt has always stood slightly apart: Concurrent with Minimalism and Color Field painting, but never quite commensurate with their terms, her oeuvre has long eluded categorization and, for that matter, sustained critical reception. On the occasion of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden’s recent groundbreaking retrospective, the late artist’s first in thirty-five years, Artforum asked art historian Anne M. Wagner to revisit Truitt’s inimitable engagement with temporality, shape, and medium.

AR06 - Morris, James McGrath. MAN OF THE WORLD (Wilson Quarterly, Winter 2010, Vol. 34 Issue 1, p28-33, 6pages) 현대 저널리즘의 아버지 죠셉 퓰리처 - Contact IRC for print copy

Joseph Pulitzer is remembered for his sensationalist journalism as well as the high-minded prizes still awarded in his name. The distance between the two isn’t as far as it seems.

AR07 - Morrison, Jim. WOODY GUTHRIE’S MUSIC LIVES ON (Smithsonian.com, January 05, 2010) 미국 포크음악의 아버지 우디 거스리 - Click here for available text on the internet

More than 40 years after the celebrated folk singer's death, a trove of 3,000 unrecorded songs is inspiring musicians to lay new tracks

AR08 - Holmes, Marian Smith. MOTOWN TURNS 50 (Smithsonian.com, September 29, 2009) 흑인 음악의 메카 모타운 50주년 - Click here for available text on the internet

For years, the recording industry excluded black artists. Along came Motown, and suddenly everyone was singing its tunes.